______________________________________________________________________ Foreword ______________________________________________________________________ 1 This document revises the version dated 28 May 1996 by incorporating the substantive changes approved by ISO WG21 and ANSI X3J16 at their joint meeting in Stockholm, Sweden in July, 1996. It will be pre sented for approval at the joint meeting in Hawaii, USA in November, 1996. 2 The C++ programming language as described in this Working Paper is based on the language as described in Chapter R (Reference Manual) of Stroustrup: The C++ Programming Language (second edition, Addison-Wes ley Publishing Company, ISBN 0-201-53992-6, copyright © 1991 AT&T). That, in turn, is based on the C programming language as described in Appendix A of Kernighan and Ritchie: The C Programming Language (Pren tice-Hall, 1978, ISBN 0-13-110163-3, copyright © 1978 AT&T). In addi tion, portions of this Working Paper are based on work by P.J. Plauger, which was published as The Draft Standard C++ Library; Pren tice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-117003-1, copyright © 1995 P.J. Plauger). All rights in these originals are reserved. 3 The C language changed substantially after The C Programming Language was published. Those changes are reflected in ISO/IEC 9899:1990, C Standard which, together with Chapter R of The C++ Programming Lan guage, serve as the two base documents for this Working Paper. 4 Most clause and subclause titles have text in square brackets at the end of their respective lines. The bracketed text is a symbolic name for that clause or subclause, with the idea that the symbolic name will remain constant even if the corresponding number changes in sub sequent drafts. These symbolic names are there for convenience only and are not part of the text; they will not appear in the final ver sion of the International Standard. +------- BEGIN BOX 0 -------+ Throughout the text appear rectangular boxes, each with a label of the form Box n in its upper left corner, where n represents a natural num ber. These boxes, and their contents, are there for convenience only and are not part of the text; they will not appear in the final ver sion of the International Standard. A vertical bar in the right margin shows text that is new or changed from the version approved at the Valley Forge meeting; an asterisk _________________________ American National Standards Institute there shows where text was deleted. These ``change bars'' were mech nically prepared in a way that is sometimes too conservative: it is possible that text is shown as changed that did not actually change. However, the method of preparation is intended to ensure that a change bar does indeed indicate every change. +------- END BOX 0 -------+