From owner-sc22wg5@dkuug.dk Tue Mar 18 16:51:00 2003 Received: (from majordom@localhost) by dkuug.dk (8.12.8/8.9.2) id h2IFp0ae066955 for sc22wg5-domo; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:51:00 +0100 (CET) (envelope-from owner-sc22wg5@dkuug.dk) X-Authentication-Warning: ptah.dkuug.dk: majordom set sender to owner-sc22wg5@dkuug.dk using -f Received: (from keld@localhost) by dkuug.dk (8.12.8/8.9.2) id h2IForpU066948 for sc22wg5@dkuug.dk; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:50:53 +0100 (CET) (envelope-from keld) Received: (from majordom@localhost) by dkuug.dk (8.12.8/8.9.2) id h2DCxaqX035465 for sc22wg5-domo; Thu, 13 Mar 2003 13:59:36 +0100 (CET) (envelope-from owner-sc22wg5@dkuug.dk) X-Authentication-Warning: ptah.dkuug.dk: majordom set sender to owner-sc22wg5@dkuug.dk using -f Received: from mailhub3.liv.ac.uk (mailhub3.liv.ac.uk [138.253.100.83]) by dkuug.dk (8.12.8/8.9.2) with ESMTP id h2DCxTQV035460 for ; Thu, 13 Mar 2003 13:59:29 +0100 (CET) (envelope-from j.l.schonfelder@liverpool.ac.uk) Received: from mtpc.liv.ac.uk ([138.253.102.148]) by mailhub3.liv.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 18tSJH-0007UE-00; Thu, 13 Mar 2003 12:59:48 +0000 Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 12:59:58 -0000 From: "J.L.Schonfelder" To: j3@j3-fortran.org, "SC22/WG5 members" Subject: Re: (j3.2003-290) Current papers posted on the server Message-ID: <6876738.1047560398@mtpc.liv.ac.uk> In-Reply-To: <000001c2e8d6$4911bda0$6501a8c0@ms.rosehulman.edu> References: <000001c2e8d6$4911bda0$6501a8c0@ms.rosehulman.edu> X-Mailer: Mulberry/2.2.1 (Win32) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="==========06894047==========" Sender: owner-sc22wg5@dkuug.dk Precedence: bulk --==========06894047========== Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline The attached is a paper on the proposed module enhancement TR. Mallory I would like it added to the list for the meeting. -- Lawrie Schonfelder Honorary Senior Fellow University of Liverpool 1 Marine Park, West Kirby, Wirral, UK, CH48 5HN Phone: +44 (151) 625 6986 --==========06894047========== Content-Type: application/pdf; name="Comment on Module TR draft 03-123.pdf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Comment on Module TR draft 03-123.pdf"; size=13973 JVBERi0xLjINJeLjz9MNCjEwIDAgb2JqDTw8IA0vTGluZWFyaXplZCAxIA0vTyAxMiANL0ggWyA5 ODQgMjE3IF0gDS9MIDEzOTczIA0vRSA3ODkxIA0vTiAzIA0vVCAxMzY1NSANPj4gDWVuZG9iag0g ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg ICB4cmVmDTEwIDI2IA0wMDAwMDAwMDE2IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMDA4NjYgMDAwMDAgbg0KMDAw MDAwMTIwMSAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDAxNDA3IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMDE1NDIgMDAwMDAgbg0K MDAwMDAwMTczMyAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDAyMjk5IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMDI0NzkgMDAwMDAg bg0KMDAwMDAwMjUwMCAwMDAwMCBuDQowMDAwMDAzMTY3IDAwMDAwIG4NCjAwMDAwMDMxODggMDAw 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Although functionally adequate there are many features of the proposal that are a distinct retrograde step from the general form of the design that existed after August 2002. The current form makes the job of the programmer much more complicated and overly verbose due to much redundant syntax. This is done without as far as I can see making life any easier for the implementer nor in enabling any possibility of better performance. The concept of the submodule and its parent is sound as are the definitions of ancestor and descendant module/submodules. The first infelicity is with the way in which the essential qualification of an interface body is now done. It is necessary to indicate that a specific interface body declares an interface for a module procedure whose implementation is to be found in a descendant of the current module/submodule. That a keyword to indicate this qualification is needed is not in question. The interface body must be distinguished from one that declares the interface for an external procedure where the interface does not inherit its data environment from its host, as distinct from this case where the procedure interface must be host associated. The problem with the current draft is that it applies this qualification not to the interface body but to the whole interface block. This is doubly unfortunate. Such a quality is not logically a property of an interface block. It is a property of a specific procedure, its interface body and its implementation body. By qualifying a whole interface block the construction generic procedure sets is complicated and the language made much more, unnecessarily, verbose and potentially opaque. The likelihood is that to construct generic interface sets where some of the members are submodule defined and some are not, each specific procedure will have to be declared in two different interface blocks, one to indicate that it is a descendant defined procedure and another to add it to the relevant generic set. Both these problems are removed if the qualifying keyword is added to the FUNCTION/SUBROUTINE statement that introduces the specific interface body declaration. No change is needed to the interface block. It still brackets a set of specific procedures and where necessary links the set to a generic name. The spelling of the qualifying keyword is not critical but it would be desirable if it was indicative of the meaning. The existing related keywords that qualify procedure declarations seem to indicate where, in what context, the procedure is defined, e.g. EXTERNAL, INTRINSIC, MODULE. The following are spellings that spring to mind for this additional use: MODULE (note, at present this only occurs associated with the keyword PROCEDURE and this use would be distinguished by being linked with FUNCTION or SUBPROGRAM), SUBMODULE FORWARD SEPARATE DESCENDANT BLOGGS Of these I have a mild preference for MODULE but FORWARD or DESCENDANT would be OK. I am not over fond of SEPARATE or SUBMODULE and BLOGGS would be silly, even though it could be technically adequate. The key issue is that the keyword should be prefixed to the FUNCTION or SUBROUTINE statement of the interface body declaration and not as a qualifier for the whole interface block. The proposal that the specific procedure definition be wrapped in an IMPLEMENTATION . ENDIMPLEMENTATION block is simply gratuitous redundant syntax. If the user chooses to redeclare the interface at the point of implementation, which I contend in any large code development with separate interface-design and implementation submodules written by separate programmers is the most likely option, the fact that FUNCTION or SUBROUTINE appear as the header of the procedure implementation body in a descendant is sufficient to connect the interface declaration and the procedure body implementation. The requirement of interface declaration and redeclaration agreement guarantees that the two are properly associated. The IMPLEMENTATION bracketing adds nothing but redundant verbiage and an extra possibility of error. In fact no additional syntax is required. The FUNCTION or SUBROUTINE is all that is needed. These provide the reference back and given the rule that redeclaration is permitted (as long as it confirms the existing characteristics) but not required no further syntax is required or desirable. In what follows I have modified the example on pages 3-4 of 03-123. I have chosen to use the spelling FORWARD, in homage to Maureen Hoffert who raised the "F-word" or "forward reference issue" way back in 1988. Maureen would be pleased that this proposal largely solves the problem that so concerned her. MODULE POINTS TYPE :: POINT REAL :: X, Y END TYPE POINT INTERFACE FORWARD FUNCTION POINT_DIST ( A, B ) TYPE(POINT), INTENT(IN) :: A, B REAL :: POINT_DIST END FUNCTION POINT_DIST END INTERFACE END MODULE POINTS SUBMODULE ( POINTS ) POINTS_A CONTAINS FUNCTION POINT_DIST ( A, B ) TYPE(POINT), INTENT(IN) :: A, B REAL :: POINT_DIST POINT_DIST = SQRT( (A%X-B%X)**2 + (A%Y-B%Y)**2 ) END FUNCTION POINT_DIST END SUBMODULE POINTS_A The name POINTS on the submodule statement links the submodule back to the parent module and so the occurrence of the name POINT_DIST on the FUNCTION statement is sufficient to reference the relevant forward interface declaration in the parent module. The redeclared characteristics and names are confirmed by the redeclaration. An alternative implementation of a suitable submodule, this time without redeclaration could be, SUBMODULE ( POINTS ) POINTS_B CONTAINS FUNCTION POINT_DIST() POINT_DIST = SQRT( (A%X-B%X)**2 + (A%Y-B%Y)**2 ) END FUNCTION POINT_DIST END SUBMODULE POINTS_B The same names, POINTS and POINT_DIST serve to provide the necessary references but now all the interface characteristics are taken from the interface body declaration in the parent without local confirmation. In a simple example like this the differences are minor. However, in more complex large module codes the effects would be considerable. To illustrate the way in which the inelegance of the existing proposal could grow the following is a different version of the module that is assumed to access a library module, VECTOR_ALG, that contains a specific procedure called VEC_NORM that calculates the distance between two type(VECTOR) arguments and also an external library that contains a procedure called ZSEP that calculates the distance between two COMPLEX numbers. The module POINTS is now required to create a generic procedure set called DISTANCE that could be applied to all three argument types. With the 03-123 proposal this would mean at the very least writing, MODULE POINTS USE VECTOR_ALG TYPE :: POINT REAL :: X, Y END TYPE POINT FORWARD INTERFACE DISTANCE FUNCTION POINT_DIST ( A, B ) TYPE(POINT), INTENT(IN) :: A, B REAL :: POINT_DIST END FUNCTION POINT_DIST END INTERFACE DISTANCE INTERFACE DISTANCE MODULE PROCEDURE :: VEC_NORM FUNCTION ZSEP(A,B) COMPLEX,INTENT(IN)::A,B REAL::ZSEP END FUNCTION ZSEP END INTERFACE DISTANCE END MODULE POINTS With the qualification being part of the interface body header rather than the interface block header this is simplified to MODULE POINTS USE VECTOR_ALG TYPE :: POINT REAL :: X, Y END TYPE POINT INTERFACE DISTANCE FORWARD FUNCTION POINT_DIST ( A, B ) TYPE(POINT), INTENT(IN) :: A, B REAL :: POINT_DIST END FUNCTION POINT_DIST MODULE PROCEDURE :: VEC_NORM FUNCTION ZSEP(A,B) COMPLEX,INTENT(IN)::A,B REAL::ZSEP END FUNCTION ZSEP END INTERFACE DISTANCE END MODULE POINTS There is now only one interface block defining the generic set DISTANCE. I contend this is more compact and a clearer expression of the facility. With a complex package of facilities where there are a large number of procedures that are grouped into many generic sets this difference will become very significant. In such packages a considerable part of the design effort is related to establishing the interfaces to the required generic sets of procedures. The tricky part is frequently designing the interfaces so that the overloads are correctly unambiguous. A final point, defining the relationship between a submodule and its parent is one of "host association" is a mistake. Host association has well defined redeclaration rules, viz. if an entity is redeclared in an enclosed scope it is a new entity and it renders the host entity invisible. This is definitely not what is required for a submodule. For procedure interfaces, redeclaration is required to confirm the characteristics of the host interface and refers to the host entity. If in a submodule a data entity is redeclared, this must be similarly a confirmation of the attributes of the host entity and must reference the host entity. If a new entity is created, as is implied by host association rules this could cause an error in the interpretation and implementation of any descendent procedure whose interface/implementation depended on the redeclared entity. It would be much better to define the association between submodule and its parent as an entirely new form and define its rules accordingly. Alternatively, the association could be defined as "use association" but where all declared or accessible entities of the parent are made visible, regardless of accessibility attributes, and where there is a blanket rule that redeclaration, if any, must confirm the attributes and characteristics of the parent entities. I believe the form of this proposal suggested above, and which is very close to what had been recommended at the last WG5/J3 meeting is much to be preferred to that in 03-123. It is simpler and equally if not more powerful than that in 03-123. --==========06894047==========--