From WEAVER@stlvm7.vnet.ibm.com Wed Sep 30 19:31:48 1992 Received: from vnet.ibm.com by dkuug.dk via EUnet with SMTP (5.64+/8+bit/IDA-1.2.8) id AA23425; Wed, 30 Sep 92 19:31:48 +0100 Message-Id: <9209301831.AA23425@dkuug.dk> Received: from STLVM7 by vnet.ibm.com (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with BSMTP id 8293; Wed, 30 Sep 92 14:33:22 EDT Date: Wed, 30 Sep 92 10:18:31 PDT From: WEAVER@stlvm7.vnet.ibm.com To: sc22wg5@dkuug.dk X-Charset: ASCII X-Char-Esc: 29 ISO/IEC 1539 : 1991 (E) Contents Foreword .......................................................................................................... xiii 1. Overview ...................................................................................... 1 000000 Minor edits and corrections to ISO/IEC 1539:1991 (E) (F77) 000002 Default Main Program Name 000027 Requirements for Pointers and Target Association 000039 Association of a Pointer Actual Argument with a Dummy Argument 000041 Procedure with Target Dummy Argument Requires Explicit Interface 1.1 Scope .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Processor ............................................................................................... 1 1.3 Inclusions and exclusions ........................................................................... 1 1.3.1 Inclusions ................................................................................ 1 1.3.2 Exclusions ................................................................................ 1 1.4 Conformance .......................................................................................... 2 1.4.1 FORTRAN 77 compatibility ............................................................ 3 1.5 Notation used in this International Standard ................................................. 3 1.5.1 Syntax rules ............................................................................. 3 1.5.2 Assumed syntax rules ................................................................. 4 1.5.3 Syntax conventions and characteristics .......................................... 5 1.5.4 Text conventions ....................................................................... 5 1.6 Deleted and obsolescent features ................................................................. 5 1.6.1 Nature of deleted features ........................................................... 5 1.6.2 Nature of obsolescent features ..................................................... 5 1.7 Modules ................................................................................................ 6 1.8 Normative references ................................................................................ 6 2. Fortran terms and concepts ............................................................... 7 2.1 High level syntax ..................................................................................... 7 2.2 Program unit concepts .............................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Executable program ................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Main program .......................................................................... 10 2.2.3 Procedure ................................................................................ 10 2.2.4 Module ................................................................................... 10 2.3 Execution concepts ................................................................................... 11 2.3.1 Executable/nonexecutable statements ............................................. 11 2.3.2 Statement order ........................................................................ 11 2.3.3 The END statement ................................................................... 12 2.3.4 Execution sequence .................................................................... 12 2.4 Data concepts ......................................................................................... 13 2.4.1 Data type ................................................................................ 13 2.4.2 Data value ............................................................................... 13 2.4.3 Data entity .............................................................................. 13 2.4.4 Scalar ..................................................................................... 14 2.4.5 Array ..................................................................................... 15 2.4.6 Pointer .................................................................................... 15 2.4.7 Storage ................................................................................... 15 2.5 Fundamental terms ................................................................................... 15 2.5.1 Name and designator ................................................................. 15 2.5.2 Keyword ................................................................................. 16 000058 Ambiguous use of "keyword" 2.5.3 Declaration .............................................................................. 16 2.5.4 Definition ................................................................................ 16 2.5.5 Reference ................................................................................. 16 2.5.6 Association .............................................................................. 16 2.5.7 Intrinsic .................................................................................. 16 2.5.8 Operator ................................................................................. 16 2.5.9 Sequence ................................................................................. 17 3. Characters, lexical tokens, and source form ......................................... 18 3.1 Processor character set .............................................................................. 18 3.1.1 Letters .................................................................................... 18 3.1.2 Digits ..................................................................................... 18 3.1.3 Underscore .............................................................................. 18 3.1.4 Special characters ...................................................................... 19 3.1.5 Other characters ....................................................................... 19 3.2 Low-level syntax ..................................................................................... 19 000004 Blanks in Format Specifications in Free Form Source 3.2.1 Keywords ................................................................................ 19 3.2.2 Names .................................................................................... 19 3.2.3 Constants ................................................................................ 20 3.2.4 Operators ................................................................................ 20 3.2.5 Statement labels ........................................................................ 21 3.2.6 Delimiters ................................................................................ 21 3.3 Source form ........................................................................................... 21 3.3.1 Free source form ....................................................................... 22 3.3.2 Fixed source form ...................................................................... 23 000018 Valid Characters for Indicating Fixed Form Statement Continuation 000044 END Statement and Fixed Form Source 3.4 Including source text ................................................................................ 24 4. Intrinsic and derived data types ......................................................... 25 4.1 The concept of data type ........................................................................... 25 4.1.1 Set of values ............................................................................ 25 4.1.2 Constants ................................................................................ 25 4.1.3 Operations ............................................................................... 26 4.2 Relationship of types and values to objects ................................................... 26 4.3 Intrinsic data types .................................................................................. 26 4.3.1 Numeric types .......................................................................... 26 4.3.2 Nonnumeric types ..................................................................... 30 4.4 Derived types ......................................................................................... 32 4.4.1 Derived-type definition ............................................................... 32 000015 Error in Fourth Constraint for R429 000032 Implicit Declaration of a Derived Type 4.4.2 Determination of derived types .................................................... 35 000020 References to the Same Derived Type by Different Names 4.4.3 Derived-type values ................................................................... 36 4.4.4 Construction of derived-type values .............................................. 37 4.4.5 Derived-type operations and assignment ........................................ 37 000045 Array Intrinsics with Arrays of Derived-type Arguments 4.5 Construction of array values ...................................................................... 37 000019 Correctness of Last Example in Section 4.5 000030 Length of Character Literals in Array Constructors 5. Data object declarations and specifications ........................................... 39 5.1 Type declaration statements ....................................................................... 39 000066 Declaration of FUNCTION type 5.1.1 Type specifiers .......................................................................... 41 000016 Character Length Specification 000042 KIND parameter value 5.1.2 Attributes ................................................................................ 43 000026 Bounds of Array Expressions 000059 SEQUENCE derived type and component bounds 5.2 Attribute specification statements ................................................................ 48 5.2.1 INTENT statement .................................................................... 48 5.2.2 OPTIONAL statement ............................................................... 49 5.2.3 Accessibility statements .............................................................. 49 5.2.4 SAVE statement ........................................................................ 50 5.2.5 DIMENSION statement .............................................................. 50 5.2.6 ALLOCATABLE statement ......................................................... 50 5.2.7 POINTER statement .................................................................. 51 5.2.8 TARGET statement ................................................................... 51 5.2.9 DATA statement ....................................................................... 51 000031 Scope and Type of an implied-DO Variable 5.2.10 PARAMETER statement ............................................................. 53 000012 Type of a Named Constant 5.3 IMPLICIT statement ................................................................................. 54 000013 Implicit Environment of an Interface Block 000023 Type of a Named Constant in an Internal Procedure 000028 Precedence of Use or Host Association 5.4 NAMELIST statement ............................................................................... 56 5.5 Storage association of data objects .............................................................. 56 5.5.1 EQUIVALENCE statement .......................................................... 56 5.5.2 COMMON statement ................................................................ 58 6. Use of data objects .......................................................................... 61 6.1 Scalars .................................................................................................. 62 6.1.1 Substrings ................................................................................ 62 6.1.2 Structure components ................................................................ 62 6.2 Arrays ................................................................................................... 63 6.2.1 Whole arrays ........................................................................... 63 000036 Pointer to an Assumed-size Array 6.2.2 Array elements and array sections ................................................ 63 000037 Use of Array Sections in Pointer Assignment Statements 6.3 Dynamic association ................................................................................ 67 6.3.1 ALLOCATE statement ............................................................... 67 000040 Allocation of Arrays of Pointers 000068 Pointer association status 6.3.2 NULLIFY statement ................................................................... 68 6.3.3 DEALLOCATE statement ........................................................... 68 7. Expressions and assignment .............................................................. 70 7.1 Expressions ............................................................................................. 70 7.1.1 Form of an expression ................................................................ 70 7.1.2 Intrinsic operations .................................................................... 74 7.1.3 Defined operations .................................................................... 75 7.1.4 Data type, type parameters, and shape of an expression .................... 75 7.1.5 Conformability rules for intrinsic operations ................................... 77 7.1.6 Scalar and array expressions ........................................................ 77 000047 Automatic data object in initialization expressions 7.1.7 Evaluation of operations ............................................................. 79 000001 Equivalence of Expression Evaluations 7.2 Interpretation of intrinsic operations ............................................................ 83 7.2.1 Numeric intrinsic operations ........................................................ 83 7.2.2 Character intrinsic operation ....................................................... 84 7.2.3 Relational intrinsic operations ...................................................... 85 7.2.4 Logical intrinsic operations .......................................................... 86 7.3 Interpretation of defined operations ............................................................. 86 7.3.1 Unary defined operation ............................................................. 86 7.3.2 Binary defined operation ............................................................ 87 7.4 Precedence of operators ............................................................................ 87 7.5 Assignment ............................................................................................ 89 7.5.1 Assignment statement ................................................................ 89 7.5.2 Pointer assignment .................................................................... 92 7.5.3 Masked array assignment--WHERE .............................................. 92 8. Execution control ............................................................................ 95 8.1 Executable constructs containing blocks ........................................................ 95 8.1.1 Rules governing blocks ............................................................... 95 8.1.2 IF construct .............................................................................. 96 8.1.3 CASE construct ........................................................................ 97 8.1.4 DO construct ........................................................................... 100 000065 Block and Nonblock DO Construct 8.2 Branching .............................................................................................. 107 8.2.1 Statement labels ........................................................................ 107 8.2.2 GO TO statement ..................................................................... 107 8.2.3 Computed GO TO statement ....................................................... 107 8.2.4 ASSIGN and assigned GO TO statement ....................................... 107 8.2.5 Arithmetic IF statement .............................................................. 108 8.3 CONTINUE statement .............................................................................. 108 8.4 STOP statement ...................................................................................... 108 8.5 PAUSE statement .................................................................................... 108 9. Input/output statements ................................................................... 109 9.1 Records ................................................................................................. 109 9.1.1 Formatted record ...................................................................... 109 9.1.2 Unformatted record ................................................................... 109 9.1.3 Endfile record ........................................................................... 110 9.2 Files ...................................................................................................... 110 9.2.1 External files ............................................................................ 110 9.2.2 Internal files ............................................................................. 112 9.3 File connection ........................................................................................ 113 000003 Preconnected Units and UNIT=* 9.3.1 Unit existence ........................................................................... 114 9.3.2 Connection of a file to a unit ....................................................... 114 9.3.3 Preconnection ........................................................................... 115 9.3.4 The OPEN statement ................................................................. 115 9.3.5 The CLOSE statement ................................................................ 118 9.4 Data transfer statements ............................................................................ 119 9.4.1 Control information list .............................................................. 119 9.4.2 Data transfer input/output list ..................................................... 123 9.4.3 Error, end-of-record, and end-of-file conditions ............................... 124 9.4.4 Execution of a data transfer input/output statement ......................... 125 9.4.5 Printing of formatted records ....................................................... 128 9.4.6 Termination of data transfer statements ......................................... 128 9.5 File positioning statements ......................................................................... 128 9.5.1 BACKSPACE statement ............................................................. 129 9.5.2 ENDFILE statement ................................................................... 129 9.5.3 REWIND statement ................................................................... 129 9.6 File inquiry ............................................................................................. 130 9.6.1 Inquiry specifiers ....................................................................... 130 9.6.2 Restrictions on inquiry specifiers .................................................. 134 9.6.3 Inquire by output list ................................................................. 134 9.7 Restrictions on function references and list items ............................................ 134 9.8 Restriction on input/output statements ......................................................... 134 10. Input/output editing ........................................................................ 135 10.1 Explicit format specification methods ........................................................... 135 10.1.1 FORMAT statement .................................................................. 135 000050 Repeat counts on edit descriptors 10.1.2 Character format specification ..................................................... 135 10.2 Form of a format item list ......................................................................... 136 10.2.1 Edit descriptors ......................................................................... 136 10.2.2 Fields ...................................................................................... 137 10.3 Interaction between input/output list and format ........................................... 137 10.4 Positioning by format control .................................................................... 138 10.5 Data edit descriptors ................................................................................ 139 10.5.1 Numeric editing ........................................................................ 139 000067 Output of negative signed zero 10.5.2 Logical editing .......................................................................... 143 10.5.3 Character editing ...................................................................... 144 10.5.4 Generalized editing .................................................................... 144 000061 G edit descriptor with "d" = 0 10.6 Control edit descriptors ............................................................................ 145 10.6.1 Position editing ......................................................................... 145 10.6.2 Slash editing ............................................................................ 146 10.6.3 Colon editing ........................................................................... 146 10.6.4 S, SP, and SS editing ................................................................. 146 10.6.5 P editing ................................................................................. 147 10.6.6 BN and BZ editing .................................................................... 147 10.7 Character string edit descriptors ................................................................. 147 10.7.1 Character constant edit descriptor ................................................ 147 10.7.2 H editing ................................................................................. 148 10.8 List-directed formatting ............................................................................. 148 10.8.1 List-directed input ..................................................................... 148 000043 List-directed character input 10.8.2 List-directed output ................................................................... 150 10.9 Namelist formatting ................................................................................. 151 000005 Namelist Output of Zero Length Character Strings 10.9.1 Namelist input .......................................................................... 151 10.9.2 Namelist output ........................................................................ 154 11. Program units ................................................................................ 156 11.1 Main program ......................................................................................... 156 11.1.1 Main program specifications ........................................................ 156 11.1.2 Main program executable part ..................................................... 156 11.1.3 Main program internal procedures ................................................ 157 11.2 External subprograms ............................................................................... 157 11.3 Modules ................................................................................................ 157 11.3.1 Module reference ...................................................................... 157 11.3.2 The USE statement and use association .......................................... 158 000009 Generic Interfaces with the Same Name in a Program 000010 Generic Interfaces with the Same Name in a Scoping Unit 000011 Multiple Accessible Defined Assignment Interfaces 000017 ? (rww: Multiple renames) 11.3.3 Examples of the use of modules .................................................... 159 11.4 Block data program units .......................................................................... 161 12. Procedures .................................................................................... 163 12.1 Procedure classifications ............................................................................ 163 12.1.1 Procedure classification by reference ............................................. 163 12.1.2 Procedure classification by means of definition ................................ 163 000021 References to Different Derived Types with the Same Name 000022 Use of Derived Type Name in Host Scoping Unit 12.2 Characteristics of procedures ...................................................................... 165 000063 Interfaces and dummy procedure arguments 12.2.1 Characteristics of dummy arguments ............................................. 165 12.2.2 Characteristics of function results ................................................. 166 12.3 Procedure interface .................................................................................. 166 12.3.1 Implicit and explicit interfaces ...................................................... 166 000014 Interface for a Character Function with a Variable Length Result 000048 Pointer-valued statement functions 12.3.2 Specification of the procedure interface .......................................... 167 000006 Procedure Specifications in a Scoping Unit 000007 Duplicate module procedures in interface blocks 000008 Module Procedure Name in Multiple Interface Blocks 000033 Interface Blocks with the Same Name in a Program - I 000034 Interface Blocks with the Same Name in a Program - II 000035 Interface Blocks with the Same Name in a Program - III 000038 Same Interface Body in Multiple Generic Interface Blocks 000057 Prohibition against multiple explicit specific interfaces 12.4 Procedure reference .................................................................................. 171 12.4.1 Actual argument list .................................................................. 171 12.4.2 Function reference ..................................................................... 174 12.4.3 Elemental intrinsic function reference ............................................ 174 12.4.4 Subroutine reference .................................................................. 174 12.4.5 Elemental intrinsic subroutine reference ......................................... 175 12.5 Procedure definition ................................................................................. 175 12.5.1 Intrinsic procedure definition ....................................................... 175 12.5.2 Procedures defined by subprograms .............................................. 175 000024 IMPLICIT NONE and the Type of an Internal Procedure Result 000046 RESULT clause for RECURSIVE functions 000053 Optional Intrinsic Function Arguments 000055 Characteristics of character function results 12.5.3 Definition of procedures by means other than Fortran ...................... 181 12.5.4 Statement function .................................................................... 182 000052 Expressions in Statement Function Definitions 000060 Statement function argument references 000062 Statement function constraints 13. Intrinsic procedures ......................................................................... 183 13.1 Intrinsic functions .................................................................................... 183 13.2 Elemental intrinsic procedures .................................................................... 183 13.2.1 Elemental intrinsic function arguments and results ........................... 183 13.2.2 Elemental intrinsic subroutine arguments ........................................ 183 13.3 Positional arguments or argument keywords ................................................. 183 13.4 Argument presence inquiry function ............................................................ 184 13.5 Numeric, mathematical, character, kind, logical, and bit procedures .................. 184 13.5.1 Numeric functions ..................................................................... 184 13.5.2 Mathematical functions .............................................................. 184 13.5.3 Character functions ................................................................... 184 13.5.4 Character inquiry function .......................................................... 184 13.5.5 Kind functions .......................................................................... 184 13.5.6 Logical function ........................................................................ 184 13.5.7 Bit manipulation and inquiry procedures ........................................ 184 13.6 Transfer function ..................................................................................... 185 13.7 Numeric manipulation and inquiry functions ................................................. 185 13.7.1 Models for integer and real data ................................................... 185 13.7.2 Numeric inquiry functions .......................................................... 186 13.7.3 Floating point manipulation functions ........................................... 186 13.8 Array intrinsic functions ........................................................................... 186 13.8.1 The shape of array arguments ...................................................... 186 13.8.2 Mask arguments ....................................................................... 186 13.8.3 Vector and matrix multiplication functions ..................................... 186 13.8.4 Array reduction functions ........................................................... 187 13.8.5 Array inquiry functions .............................................................. 187 13.8.6 Array construction functions ....................................................... 187 13.8.7 Array reshape function ............................................................... 187 13.8.8 Array manipulation functions ...................................................... 187 13.8.9 Array location functions ............................................................. 187 13.8.10 Pointer association status inquiry functions .................................... 187 13.9 Intrinsic subroutines ................................................................................. 187 13.9.1 Date and time subroutines .......................................................... 188 13.9.2 Pseudorandom numbers ............................................................. 188 13.9.3 Bit copy subroutine ................................................................... 188 13.10 Generic intrinsic functions ......................................................................... 188 13.10.1 Argument presence inquiry function .............................................. 188 13.10.2 Numeric functions ..................................................................... 188 13.10.3 Mathematical functions .............................................................. 189 13.10.4 Character functions ................................................................... 189 13.10.5 Character inquiry function .......................................................... 189 13.10.6 Kind functions .......................................................................... 190 13.10.7 Logical function ........................................................................ 190 13.10.8 Numeric inquiry functions .......................................................... 190 13.10.9 Bit inquiry function ................................................................... 190 13.10.10 Bit manipulation functions .......................................................... 190 13.10.11 Transfer function ...................................................................... 190 13.10.12 Floating-point manipulation functions ........................................... 190 13.10.13 Vector and matrix multiply functions ............................................ 191 13.10.14 Array reduction functions ........................................................... 191 13.10.15 Array inquiry functions .............................................................. 191 13.10.16 Array construction functions ....................................................... 191 13.10.17 Array reshape function ............................................................... 191 13.10.18 Array manipulation functions ...................................................... 192 13.10.19 Array location functions ............................................................. 192 13.10.20 Pointer association status inquiry function ..................................... 192 13.11 Intrinsic subroutines ................................................................................. 192 13.12 Specific names for intrinsic functions ........................................................... 192 13.13 Specifications of the intrinsic procedures ...................................................... 194 000056 TRANSFER intrinsic function description 000064 SPACING result for 0.0 14. Scope, association, and definition ...................................................... 241 14.1 Scope of names ....................................................................................... 241 14.1.1 Global entities .......................................................................... 241 14.1.2 Local entities ............................................................................ 241 000025 Resolution of Internal Procedure References 000029 Class of a Defined Operator 000051 On Unambiguous generic procedure references 000054 Resolving Generic Procedure References 14.1.3 Statement entities ...................................................................... 245 14.2 Scope of labels ........................................................................................ 245 14.3 Scope of external input/output units ............................................................ 245 14.4 Scope of operators ................................................................................... 245 14.5 Scope of the assignment symbol ................................................................. 245 14.6 Association ............................................................................................ 245 14.6.1 Name association ...................................................................... 246 14.6.2 Pointer association .................................................................... 246 14.6.3 Storage association .................................................................... 247 000049 Characteristics of Function Results 14.7 Definition and undefinition of variables ....................................................... 249 14.7.1 Definition of objects and subobjects .............................................. 249 14.7.2 Variables that are always defined ................................................. 249 14.7.3 Variables that are initially defined ................................................ 249 14.7.4 Variables that are initially undefined ............................................. 250 14.7.5 Events that cause variables to become defined ................................. 250 14.7.6 Events that cause variables to become undefined ............................. 251 14.8 Allocation status ..................................................................................... 252 Annexes A. Glossary of technical terms ............................................................... 254 B. Decremental features ....................................................................... 262 B.1 Deleted features ....................................................................................... 262 B.2 Obsolescent features ................................................................................. 262 B.2.1 Alternate return ........................................................................ 262 B.2.2 PAUSE statement ...................................................................... 263 B.2.3 ASSIGN and assigned GO TO statements ...................................... 263 B.2.4 Assigned FORMAT specifiers ...................................................... 263 B.2.5 H editing ................................................................................. 263 C. Section notes ................................................................................. 264 C.1 Section 1 notes ........................................................................................ 264 C.1.1 Conformance (1.4) .................................................................... 264 C.2 Section 2 notes ........................................................................................ 264 C.2.1 Keywords ................................................................................ 264 C.3 Section 3 notes ........................................................................................ 264 C.3.1 Representable characters (3.1.5) ................................................... 264 C.3.2 Comment lines (3.3.1.1, 3.3.2.1) .................................................. 264 C.3.3 Statement labels (3.2.5) .............................................................. 265 C.3.4 Source form (3.3) ...................................................................... 265 C.4 Section 4 notes ........................................................................................ 265 C.4.1 Zero (4.3.1) ............................................................................. 265 C.4.2 Characters (4.2) ........................................................................ 265 C.4.3 Intrinsic and derived data types (4.3, 4.4) ...................................... 266 C.4.4 Selection of the approximation methods ......................................... 266 C.4.5 Storage of derived types (4.4.1) .................................................... 267 C.4.6 Pointers .................................................................................. 267 C.5 Section 5 notes ........................................................................................ 268 C.5.1 Type declaration statements (5.1) ................................................. 268 C.5.2 The POINTER attribute (5.1.2.7) .................................................. 268 C.5.3 The TARGET attribute (5.1.2.8) ................................................... 269 C.5.4 PARAMETER statements and IMPLICIT NONE (5.2.10, 5.3) ............. 270 C.5.5 EQUIVALENCE statement extensions (5.5.1) .................................. 270 C.5.6 COMMON statement extensions (5.5.2) ......................................... 270 C.6 Section 6 notes ........................................................................................ 270 C.6.1 Substrings (6.1.1) ...................................................................... 270 C.6.2 Array element references (6.2.2) ................................................... 270 C.6.3 Structure components (6.1.2) ....................................................... 270 C.6.4 Pointer allocation and association ................................................. 271 C.7 Section 7 notes ........................................................................................ 272 C.7.1 Character assignment ................................................................. 272 C.7.2 Evaluation of function references .................................................. 272 C.7.3 Pointers in expressions ............................................................... 272 C.7.4 Pointers on the left side of an assignment ....................................... 273 C.8 Section 8 notes ........................................................................................ 273 C.8.1 Loop control ............................................................................ 273 C.8.2 The CASE construct .................................................................. 274 C.8.3 Examples of invalid DO constructs ............................................... 274 C.9 Section 9 notes ........................................................................................ 274 C.9.1 Input/output records (9.1) .......................................................... 274 C.9.2 Files (9.2) ................................................................................ 275 C.9.3 OPEN statement (9.3.4) .............................................................. 276 C.9.4 Connection properties (9.3.2) ....................................................... 278 C.9.5 CLOSE statement (9.3.5) ............................................................ 279 C.9.6 INQUIRE statement (9.6) ............................................................ 280 C.9.7 Keyword specifiers .................................................................... 280 C.9.8 Format specifications (9.4.1.1) ..................................................... 280 C.9.9 Unformatted input/output (9.4.4.4.1) ............................................ 280 C.9.10 Input/output restrictions ............................................................. 280 C.9.11 Pointers in an input/output list .................................................... 280 C.9.12 Derived type objects in an input/output list (9.4.2) .......................... 280 C.10 Section 10 notes ...................................................................................... 281 C.10.1 Character constant format specification (10.1.2, 10.7.1) .................... 281 C.10.2 T edit descriptor (10.6.1.1) .......................................................... 281 C.10.3 Length of formatted records ........................................................ 281 C.10.4 Number of records (10.3, 10.4, 10.6.2) .......................................... 281 C.10.5 List-directed input/output (10.8) ................................................... 282 C.10.6 List-directed input (10.8.1) .......................................................... 282 C.10.7 Namelist list items for character input (10.9.1.3) .............................. 282 C.10.8 Namelist output records (10.9.2.2) ................................................ 282 C.11 Section 11 notes ...................................................................................... 283 C.11.1 Main program and block data program unit (11.1, 11.4) ................... 283 C.11.2 Dependent compilation (11.3) ...................................................... 283 C.11.3 Pointers in modules ................................................................... 285 C.11.4 Example of a module (11.3) ......................................................... 285 C.12 Section 12 notes ...................................................................................... 288 C.12.1 Examples of host association (12.1.2.2.1) ....................................... 288 C.12.2 External procedures (12.3.2.2) ...................................................... 289 C.12.3 Procedures defined by means other than Fortran (12.5.3) .................. 289 C.12.4 Procedure interfaces (12.3) .......................................................... 290 C.12.5 Argument association and evaluation (12.4.1) ................................. 290 C.12.6 Argument intent specification (12.4.1.1) ......................................... 291 C.12.7 Dummy argument restrictions (12.5.2.9) ........................................ 291 C.12.8 Pointers and targets as arguments ................................................. 291 C.12.9 The ASSOCIATED function (13.13.13) .......................................... 292 C.12.10 Internal procedure restrictions ...................................................... 292 C.12.11 The result variable (12.5.2.2) ....................................................... 293 C.13 Section 13 notes ...................................................................................... 293 C.13.1 Summary of features .................................................................. 293 C.13.2 Examples ................................................................................. 295 C.13.3 FORmula TRANslation and array processing .................................. 299 C.13.4 Sum of squared residuals ............................................................ 300 C.13.5 Vector norms: infinity-norm and one-norm .................................... 300 C.13.6 Matrix norms: infinity-norm and one-norm .................................... 300 C.13.7 Logical queries .......................................................................... 300 C.13.8 Parallel computations ................................................................. 301 C.13.9 Example of element-by-element computation ................................... 301 C.13.10 Bit manipulation and inquiry procedures ........................................ 302 C.14 Section 14 notes ...................................................................................... 302 C.14.1 Storage association of zero-sized objects ........................................ 302 D. Syntax rules .................................................................................. 303 D.1 Syntax rules and constraints ...................................................................... 303 D.1.1 Overview ................................................................................ 303 D.1.2 Fortran terms and concepts ......................................................... 303 D.1.3 Characters, lexical tokens, and source form .................................... 306 D.1.4 Intrinsic and derived data types ................................................... 307 D.1.5 Data object declarations and specifications ..................................... 310 D.1.6 Use of data objects .................................................................... 315 D.1.7 Expressions and assignment ......................................................... 317 D.1.8 Execution control ...................................................................... 320 D.1.9 Input/output statements ............................................................. 323 D.1.10 Input/output editing .................................................................. 326 D.1.11 Program units .......................................................................... 328 D.1.12 Procedures ............................................................................... 329 D.1.13 Intrinsic procedures ................................................................... 331 D.1.14 Scope, association, and definition ................................................. 332 D.2 Cross references ...................................................................................... 332 D.2.1 Nonterminal symbols that are defined ........................................... 332 D.2.2 Nonterminal symbols that are not defined ...................................... 338 D.2.3 Terminal symbols ...................................................................... 339 E. Permuted index for headings ............................................................. 344 F. Index ........................................................................................... 363 Figures Figure 2.1 Requirements on statement ordering ........................................................ 11 Tables Table 2.1 Statements allowed in scoping units ......................................................... 12 Table 3.1 Special characters ................................................................................. 19 Table 6.1 Subscript order value ............................................................................ 65 Table 7.1 Type of operands and result for the intrinsic operation [x1] op x2 ................... 74 Table 7.2 Interpretation of the numeric intrinsic operators ......................................... 84 Table 7.3 Interpretation of the character intrinsic operator // ..................................... 84 Table 7.4 Interpretation of the relational intrinsic operators ....................................... 85 Table 7.5 Interpretation of the logical intrinsic operators ........................................... 86 Table 7.6 The values of operations involving logical intrinsic operators ........................ 86 Table 7.7 Categories of operations and relative precedences ....................................... 87 Table 7.8 Type conformance for the intrinsic assignment statement variable = expr ....... 89 Table 7.9 Numeric conversion and assignment statement variable = expr ..................... 90 Table C.1 Values assigned to INQUIRE specifier variables ......................................... 279