__VA_OPT__ wording clarifications

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In subclause 19.3.1 [cpp.subst] paragraph 1, modify:

After the arguments for the invocation of a function-like macro have been identified, argument substitution takes place. A parameter in the replacement list—, unless it is __VA_OPT__(content), preceded by a # or ## preprocessing token, or followed by a ## preprocessing token (see below)—, is replaced by the corresponding argument after all macros contained therein have been expanded. Before being substituted, in which case, each argument’s preprocessing tokens are completely macro replaced before being substituted as if they formed the rest of the preprocessing file; with no other preprocessing tokens are being available. The replacement for __VA_OPT__(content), unless preceded by a # or ## preprocessing token or followed by a ## preprocessing token, is the preprocessing token sequence for the corresponding argument.

Drafting note: The above clarifies that __VA_OPT__ expansions are not rescanned prior to rescanning of the replacement list containing the instance of __VA_OPT__.

Add an example to [cpp.subst] paragraph 1:

#define RPAREN() ( #define G(Q) 42 #define F(R, X, ...) __VA_OPT__(G R X) ) int x = F(RPAREN(), 0, <:-); // replaced by int x = 42;

In subclause 19.3.1 [cpp.subst] paragraph 3, modify:

The identifier __VA_OPT__ shall always occur as part of the preprocessing token sequence __VA_OPT__(content), [ … ]

In subclause 19.3.1 [cpp.subst] paragraph 3, modify:

[ … ] The preprocessing token sequence __VA_OPT__(content) shall be treated as if it were a parameter, and the preprocessing tokens used to replace it are token sequence for the corresponding argument is defined as follows. If the variable arguments consist substitution of __VA_ARGS__ as neither an operand of # nor ## consists of no preprocessing tokens, the replacement argument consists of a single placemarker preprocessing token. Otherwise, the replacement argument consists of the results of the expansion of content as the replacement list of the current function-like macro before removal of placemarker tokens, rescanning, and further replacement. [ Note: The placemarker tokens are removed before stringization (19.3.2 [cpp.stringize]), and can be removed by rescanning and further replacement (19.3.4 [cpp.rescan]). —end note ]

Add the following examples to 19.3.1 [cpp.subst] paragraph 3:

#define F(...) f(0 __VA_OPT__(,) __VA_ARGS__) #define EMP F(EMP) // replaced by f(0)

Drafting note: The above was requested on the WG 14 reflector and differs from what current implementations do.

#define H3(X, ...) #__VA_OPT__(X##X X##X) H3(, 0) // replaced by ""

Drafting note: Clang replaces H3 as presented.

#define H4(X, ...) __VA_OPT__(a X ## X) ## b H4(, 1) // replaced by a b

Drafting note: The H4 case differs from what current implementations do. The removal of placemarkers was found to give surprising results for concatenation.

#define H5A(...) __VA_OPT__()/**/__VA_OPT__() #define H5B(X) a ## X ## b #define H5C(X) H5B(X) H5C(H5A()) // replaced by ab

In subclause 19.3.2 [cpp.stringize] paragraph 2, modify:

[ … ] If, in the replacement list, a parameter is immediately preceded by a # preprocessing token, both are replaced by a single character string literal preprocessing token that contains the spelling of the preprocessing token sequence for the corresponding argument (excluding placemarker tokens). Let the stringizing argument be the preprocessing token sequence for the corresponding argument with placemarker tokens removed. Each occurrence of white space between the stringizing argument’s preprocessing tokens becomes a single space character in the character string literal. White space before the first preprocessing token and after the last preprocessing token comprising the stringizing argument is deleted. Otherwise, the original spelling of each preprocessing token in the stringizing argument is retained in the character string literal, except for special handling for producing the spelling of string literals and character literals: a \ character is inserted before each " and \ character of a character literal or string literal (including the delimiting " characters). If the replacement that results is not a valid character string literal, the behavior is undefined. The character string literal corresponding to an empty stringizing argument is "". [ … ]